⚠ Switch to EXCALIDRAW VIEW in the MORE OPTIONS menu of this document. ⚠
Text Elements
neutrons or mass number
percentage ( how much you have )
element
iso1
iso2
33%
66%
mass number
atomic number
2 isotopes of carbon
mass-protons = neutrons
3
3
3
3
4
5
20
atomic number is number of protons
42-20 = 22 thats number of neutrons
electrons neutrally charged is equal to protons
22
20
20
20
20
80
123
80
80
114
80
notice that the only change is the neutrons
number of protons + number of neutrons is mass number
average
always a whole number for one specific isotope only not found on the periodic table
Mass Number
Average Atomic Mass
of protons +
of neutrons
Always a whole number
For one specific isotope only
is not found on periodic table
Average of actual mass not a whole number weighted average of all isotopes is found on periodic table
60% * 80 = 48 30% * 60 = 18 10% * 65 = 6.5
48+18+6.5 = 72.5
this is how you do a weighted average
Average Atomic Mass (AAM) =
% abundance of isotope 1
100
- mass of isotope 1
% abundance of isotope 2
100
- mass of isotope 2
- any further stuff etc
round answer to hundredths place valid answer: 120.34 not 120.346.
units are amu ( atomic mass units ) you will lose points for no units.
.2422 * 36.966 + 34.969 * .7578
chlorine 35
34.969
mass
abundance
isotope
chlorine 37
36.966
24.22%
Total abundance should add up to 100 so 100 - 24.22 = 75.78 which means chlorine is 75.78% abundant
75.78%
35.45
75.78
100
- 34.969
24.22
100
- 36.966
cl-35
cl-37
35.4527
35.45
75.78
cl-35
(62.93 * .6911) + (64.93 * 0.3089) 63.5478 63.55
39.101
38.964
x
93.12
6.88
100
A
.9312
.0688
.9312*38.964) + (.0688(x)) = 39.101
atom
proton (p+)
neutron(n)
electron (e-)
Nucleus
Nucleus
Outside the Nucleus
protons
neutrons
empty space
same
cation
anion
nucleus
protons
nucleons
Atomic Symbol Nuclear Symbol Isotopic Symbol all the same thing
C
12
4
stable
radioactive
protons
element
He
4
2
4
2
α
Uranium decaying into thorium and and alpha particle
e
0
-1
β
0
-1
thorium decyas into protactinium and giving off an electron which is like a beta particle
𝜸
GAMMA RAY IS NOT A PARTICLE
0
0
she said incredible hulk
e
0
+1
also
right side of the equation
(1) write nuclear symbols
Th
230
90
___
4
2
α
(2) add tops and bottoms of the completed side of the equation ( no blank )
(3) make both sides equal
226
88
(4) look up the element or the particle
Ra
137
55
Cs
β
0
-1
137
56
Ba
β
0
-1
1
0
n
3
1
0
n
is just hitting with 3 neutrons
half life time
(T )
HL
half
seconds
years
Carbon
1 half life
1/2 Carbon
2 half lives
it cuts in half each time
50.0
25.0
20 - > 10 - > 5 - > 2.5 - > 1.25
15 30 45 60
3902500000 3.9025 * 10^9
HL ( number of half lives ) = T / T
T is time
HL
HL = T/T
HL
100
1
(5730 years)
50
2
25
11460
1.5 - > 3.0 - > 6.0 - > 12.0
114 / 3 = 38
38s
without
changes
color, texture, density, volume, hardness, malleable, brittleness, odor, boiling point, solubility, mass
Anything with a phase change is physical
Burning / Combusting, Rusting, Rotting, Flammability, Reactivity Neutralization, Decomposing
x
x
x
x
x
x
physical changes:breaking dissolving distilling cutting changes in state: boiling, condensing, melting & freezing
Chemical changes: Burning, metabolizing food , rotting, oxidation or reduction, reacting with oxygen, rusting.
as pdocution ( bubbles )
dor change
recipitate formation ( an insoluble substance formed from two soluble substances )
nergy change ( Evolution of heat and / or light )
olor change
3
3
3
35 - -1 = 36
13 - 3 = 10
3
3
3
6
7
8
He
2
4
2
α
e
0
-1
β
0
-1
𝜸
0
0
e
0
+1
Positron:
Gamma:
Beta:
4
Alpha:
1
0
n
and
1/4 Carbon
Embedded files
b03498a7e521ebb236bf6bfdf904925ce823b7e9: Pasted Image 20240202081301_094.png 70a068c141432df0b511f22eaddd1ff631155c8f: Pasted Image 20240202081351_110.png 4f3adc054028ac2abc4aa605edafefb79736ec52: Pasted Image 20240202081436_139.png a0319eed5fdc318692f28e6c8c24185621834a31: Pasted Image 20240202081506_143.png 89b5afba44f5f8bc6716a92cd7f5ab4fe5001efc: Pasted Image 20240202081637_150.png 7561e463fc6a4316e78f8f69e73a593e2b3e0dd2: Pasted Image 20240202081653_202.png 6b709fd488b128db6a0ebe6175f02f8727d45c5b: Pasted Image 20240202081723_034.png 27ff91626b8e6da10f5f0aadcb94b3df9a849a6a: Pasted Image 20240214140214_814.png
