3 2-3 Monroe Doctrine

The Big Idea and Why it Matters

• The North and South developed different economic systems that led to political differences between the regions.
• Different regions of the country continue to have differing political and economic interests today

Essential Question

• How did the Monroe Doctrine secure the US’s role as the dominant nation in the Western Hemisphere?

Effects of the War of 1812

• Increased National Pride
• Despite the display of sectional tensions at the onset of the war, we were super stoked to have won!
• Increase in American Manufacturing
• We are now entering the 1st Industrial Revolution & the war encouraged American industrial growth!
• Movement West
• The decreased resistance of Native Americans made it easier for more Americans to travel & settle the western frontier ( Manifest Destiny ) .
• Demise of the Federalist Party
• The Federalist Party had been on the decline since President Adams, but because of the Hartford Convention, they were seen as “devilish” and unpatriotic.

Eli Whitney

• Key inventor during the first industrial revolution
• Responsible for interchangeable parts and the cotton gin.

Interchangeable Parts & Mass Production

• Identical components that can be substituted for one another, important in the history of manufacturing.
• Led to mass production, the production of goods in large quantities.
• This transformed the organization of work.

Industrial Revolution

• Social and economic reorganization that took place as machines replaced hand tools and large scale factory production developed.

Cotton Gin

• Invented by Eli Whitney
• Makes cotton profitable and led to an expansion of slavery.

Sewing machine

• More women in textile factories
• Clothes pre-made and textile industry becomes profitable.

Telegraph/Morse Code

• Telegraph sent the communication
• Morse Code: Instant communication
• Connects the nation ( nationalism ) & helps trade & commerce.

Steamboats & Railroads

• Provided for faster travel & commerce.
• Connects the nation (Nationalism)
• Railroad: Played a major role in the development of the western parts of the United States, allowing for much faster transportation of goods.

Steel Plow

• Invented by John Deere
• Helped farmers dig up soil & plant faster
• Planting faster = more crops

Mechanical Reaper

• Invented by Cyrus McCormick
• Helped farmers harvest crops faster
• Faster harvest means less waste = more profit

Henry Clay

• Speaker of the House, Clay was a War Hawk and major critic of President Madison.
• However, Madison proposed the American System that Clay would go on to be it’s greatest champion.

American System

• A plan proposed to unify the nation due to the differences between the North and the South.
• Hoped the agenda would unite the different regions of the country while creating a strong, stable economy that would make it self sufficient.

American System II

• The plan was three fold:
  • One part was developing transportation systems and other internal improvements.
  • Establish a protective tariff
  • Resurrecting the National bank that was reduced under Jefferson’s influence

American System III

• It was hoped that the american system would unite the nation’s economic interests.
• The North would manufacture the goods that the farmers from the South and West would buy.
• While the South and West would produce grain, meat, and cotton needed in the North.
• A nationally accepted currency and improved transportation would facilitate the exchange of goods.
• Making us economically independent of Britain and other European nations.

National Road

• First major highway built in United States by the Federal Government.
• it ran from Cumberland, Maryland to Vandalia, Illinois.
• Built to transport goods across the country

Erie Canal

• Connected the Great Lakes ( Lake Eries ) With the Atlantic Ocean.
• Goods can be shipped by boat from the east coast to areas inland.
• New York City became the busiest port in the Country

Tariff of 1816

• It was believed that placing a tariff on imports would increase the cost of foreign goods and eliminate foreign price advantage.
• Revenue would be used to help make internal improvements such as roads, canals, and lighthouses.
• People in the south and west resented the tariff the people of New England welcomed the tariff.

Second National Bank

• Formed in order to adapt a national currency in order to better facilitate trade within different regions in the United States.
• Also allowed loans to be given out to people and smaller banks keeping those banks afloat in times of crisis.

Election of 1816

• James Monroe won the election of 1816 in a landslide and ended the Federalist party as a political party in the United States.

Era of Good Feelings

• The Federalist Party had been on the decline since President Adams.
• Because of the Hartford Convention, they were seen as “devilish” and unpatriotic
  • Cease to exist after the war
• 1816 Election - Monroe discredits the federalists giving him an easy victory.

Monroe’s America-The Era of Good Feelings

Nationalism

• Unification of the nation - Country > States
  • Why Now?
    • Louisiana Purchase
    • “Winning” The War of 1812.

Foreign Policy

• President Monroe felt that he had to respond to the threat that European countries might try to win back their former Latin American colonies.
• MONROE DOCTRINE
  • Warning to Europe: You stay out of the West, and we’ll stay out of the East
  • Claimed America’s perceived and believed right to intervene.
• Monroe Doctrine became a policy of mutual noninterference.

The Marshall Court

• John Marshall ( Federalist ) believed in the power of a strong central government.
• Mcculloch V Maryland (1819)
  • Bank of US is LEGAL (Implied powers)
  • State governments CANNOT tax federal property
  • Strengthens Supremacy Clause
• Gibbons V Ogden (1824)
  • Federal government has authority to regulate interstate trade.

Sectionalism-American System

• Sectionalism - Placing your own region’s interests above national interests
• American System - Plan to unify the American economic system, creating a system of economic interdependence.
• The South and the West were against it