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Text Elements
work
heat
position
bonds
motion
increases
created
study of how fast ( rate ) a reaction occurs
collide
orientation
Activation Energy
Ea
increases
increases
speed
Enzymes
Energy
Reaction proceeds
Potential( JovkJ)
energy of products
activated complex
reactants
goes to the top but starts at the reactants
activation energy
energy change for reaction
lower
Ep
Er
/ Delta H
-20
55
75 kJ
100
120
releases
negative
absorbs
positive
the amount of heat transferred during a reaction or phase change. Can be positive or negative
791 Kj per 1 mol so just count moles ? it is exothermic 6.5 * 791 = 5141 6.5+3.25=9.75 9.75 + 6.5 * 5141 = 83541
→
6.5mol S
1 mol rxn
2 mol S
-791.4
1 mol rxn
2.6E3 kJ
exothermic
4 mol Fe
1 mol rxn
4 mol Fe
-1652
1 mol rxn
41-1652/4/1=-1652
1g Fe
55.8g
1 mol
1 mol rxn
4 mol Fe
-1652
1 mol rxn
111*-1652/55.8/4/1 -7.4 ( 7.4 )
thermometer
Celcius, Kelvin, Fahrenheit
calorimeter
calories ( cal ) joules (J) kilojoules (kJ)
amount of substance ( mass ) temperature change type of material ( specific heat)
temperature
4.184 J/gC
specific heat
c
q/(mdeltat) = c 5696/(15515) = 2.45
q = m * c * deltat q = 12.0 * .057 * 58 q = 39.7
355J = m * 1.23 * 4.56 355/1.23/4.56 = m 63.3 = m
Particles more spread out than solid, somewhat close packing
Weaker attractions
particles are free to move past each other: flow
Variable shape and definite volume
incompressible
closest packing of molecules
Strong attractive forces
vibrate in place; low kinetic energy of particles
incompressible
definite shape and definite volume
prop of gas: particles spread out weakest attractive forces rapid random motion high kinetic energy of particles variable shape take shape of container variable volume they will fill container highly compressible
sublimation
freezing
solid
melting
liquid
boiling evaporating
gas
condensing
deposition
endothermic
exothermic
slow
intermolecular
liquid
liquid
gas
motions
intermolecular
liquid
liquid solid
100
A
B
S
L
G
L+S
G+L
70
7
triple point
critical point
273
373
triple point
critical point
solid → liquid melting
solid → gas sublimation
gas → liquid (condensation)
500g*334J = 167000J
1255g*-2260J = -2836300J
110+30 = 140 deltaH 140 50 * 140 * 2.05 = 14350 50 * 334 = 16700 50 * 2260 = 113000 14350+16700+113000 = 144050
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